Leadership Models and Competency Frameworks

Leadership Models and Competency Frameworks This assignment mainly focus on a review of leadership theory and competency frameworks based on the debate leaders are born not made.after that I have tried to relate these argument with Leadership Models and Competency Frameworks, which are currently being used in organisations. These all things will help to understand that in which qualities required of people in leadership positions and will help to improve the leadership development process. Also some private sector, some public sector are discussed and web links to the full models included where available. Introduction: Are leaders born or made? this is a long debatable question from long times ago that whether leaders are born or made. But many researchers trying to find out this question answer for decades. The decades are going on and now we know the answer. Finally it has decided that leaders are sort of born and theyre always made. Early theories mainly focused on the difference between leaders and followers but theories in now-a-days are focused on situational factors and leadership skills. Now I am going to discuss this topic through eight leadership theories, models and leadership frameworks and with comparing and contrasting the theories in below: 1. Great man theories: This theory assume that leadership capacity is inherent -and it also assume that great leaders are born, not made. These theories assume that these leaders have come when the country has needed to them. So its totally destined to leadership when needed. These theories also portray leaders as heroic, mythical. And most leaders were male in this theory. For example: Gandhi, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Eisenhower, Churchill were great leader. 2. Trait Theories: Like Great Man theories, trait theories assume that people will have inherited main qualities and traits that will help them to do their lead. It assumes that leaders must have to follow some particular behaviour which will help them to be a great leader.This theories also assume that people are born with inherited traits. Stogdill (1974) identified the following traits and skills as critical to leaders. Traits: Adaptable to situations Conceptually skilled Creative Diplomatic and tactful Fluent in speaking Knowledgeable about group task Organised (administrative ability) Persuasive Socially skilled Skills: Alert to social environment Ambitious and achievement-orientated Assertive Cooperative Decisive Dependable Dominant (desire to influence others) Energetic (high activity level) Persistent Self-confident Tolerant of stress Willing to assume responsibility Behavioral Theories: Behavioural theories assume that great leaders are made, not born. According to this theory, that great leaders are made, not born and through teaching and observation people can learn to become leaders. Furthermore, they follow that what leaders actually do. Contingency Theories: Contingency theories of leadership mainly based on some special variable which actually find out that particular style of leadership will be fitted for the environment of organization. This theory assume that there is no best leadership style which will be fitted in all situation.. Participative leadership: Organization will be developed when people are more committed to their relevant action and this action will happen on that time when company will involve all employees with their relevant goals and decision. People are less competitive and more collaborative when they are working on joint goals. When all people in company take decision together , the social commitment become higher and their commitment to decision will increase. Situational theories: Situational theories are best for taking certain types of decision making and here leaders choose their best course of action based on many situational variables . Transactional Leadership:    It assumes that people are motivated by reward and punishment. Here total system activated by a clear chain of command. It means people will agree to do a job and authority will be given by a manager. Here subordinate will do their job to get a decision of manager, they are fully responsible for that job. In case of any failure subordinate will get punishment. . Transformational Leadership : It assumes that people will follow a person who inspires them. Here a leader must have a vision and passion to achieve great thing and he or she must have to work hard through enthusiasm and full energy. Now I m going to comparing and contrasting those above theory in briefly: Great Man Theories Here leaders are exceptional people, born with innate qualities, destined to lead. Trait Theories It describes about leaders qualities Behaviourist Theories These assume that what leaders actually do rather than on their qualities. Here different patterns of behaviour are observed and categorised as styles of leadership. Situational Leadership This is an approach where leadership is very specific to the situation. It also assumes that different required leadership styles may be required in different levels in the same organization. Contingency Theory This theory find out the situational variable which best predict that which leadership style will be followed. Transactional Theory This theory mainly focuses on the relation ship between leaders and followers and here leader give the reward based on loyalty of the followers. Transformational Theory Here main concept is change and envisioning and implementing is a main thing to get better performance. LEADERSHIP MODELS AND COMPETENCY FRAMEWORKS : In his section I m going to explain about different leadership models and frameworks which is used in practice across the public and private sector organisations. Private sector frameworks: BAE performance centered leadership: For improving the business, Performance Centred Leadership competencies provide a set of related behaviours. Thats why they have been developed from 360 degree feedback information, benchmarked against the competencies of high performing organisations, each with related behaviours there are five core competences. Try to achieve High Performance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Secondly, focusing on the Customer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Thirdly, developing Others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢fourth, Continuously Improving à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lastly, Working Together FEDERAL EXPRESS LEADERSHIP QUALITIES : They mainly follow a system where they have selected 9 attributes for rating motivated leaders: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Appeal or allure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ personal consideration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intellectual incentive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Determination or braveness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Constancy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Flexibilty à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ candour or honest ness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Apprehension à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Respect for others Lufthansa Leadership Compass Lufthansa school of business is following a framework for their leadership development education which is made by Lufthansa leadership compass. It includes the following six key categories, which set out a range of skills and behaviours including: perception, determination, concern for people, self-reflection and professional know-how: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Firstly, Entrepreneurial leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Secondly, problem solving ability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Thirdly, Win to others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fourth, Lead to people à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fifth, Attitude and drive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lastly, International business competencies Philips Leadership Competencies Philips has set some leadership competencies which will define the behaviour for achieving the business success. There are Six Leadership Competencies they has set out. These competencies are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Firstly, leader needs to Show determination to achieve excellent results à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Secondly, they need to focuses on the market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Thirdly, need to find better ways à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fourthly, focus on top performance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ motivating commitment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Develops self and others For more information please visit: http://ad.chinahr.com/jobads/philips/leadership.asp Shell Leadership Framework: Shell has also used the Leadership Framework and it includes nine elements as indicated below used by Shell includes nine key elements as indicated below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They need to build shared vision à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Focusing on customer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increases business Opportunities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Indicate professional mastery à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shows individual effectiveness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ show courage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivating, Coaching Developing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Need to give value differences à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Produce the Results Vodafone Global Leadership Competencies: The Global Leadership Programme of Vodafone are underlying by Vodafone leadership competencies. Those are divided into five categories: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Firstly, Value the communication à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Secondly, develops the International team à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Make Strategic vision à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Need to increase organisational capability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ drives commercially For the full framework please visit: www.glp.vodafone.com/global.htm Public industry Framework: Senior Civil Service Ability Framework: Civil Service Corporate Management has recognized few certain characteristics what is essential for the Senior Civil Service (SCS). They have established six types of competencies those are associated with behaviours. The competencies are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Providing goal and correct way to resolve à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Building an distinct impact à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Working towards creative strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Inspiring the employees to develop best outcome à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Study and progress à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Emphasis on responding For more information please visit: http://www.cabinet-office.gov.uk/civilservice/scs/competences.htm Scottish Executive Framework Scottish parliament recognizes seven types of standards and to clarify this, they recommend what leaders should do and how to do. They also mentioned when the leaders need to learn more to work effectively. The leadership characteristics of the framework are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Realising à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Self-organization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Examination and exploration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ External attention à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Communication à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Handling people à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Team building Management Education Training Organisation (METO) management Standards METO has developed seven key roles for leadership, which are given: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organizing Events à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organizing Assets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organizing Employees à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organizing Statistics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organizing Spirit of the company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organizing Excellence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organizing Plans Institute of Chartered Management Chartered Management Skills Chartered Manager Candidates need to demonstrate (and provide evidence of) learning, development and impact in the workplace against two of these six categories. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leading People à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Meeting Customer Needs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Managing Change à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Managing Information and Knowledge à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Managing Activities and Resources à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Managing yourself A SELECTION OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES NHS Chief Executives Programmes The NHS manage a wide range of programmes through their Leadership Centre, including a suite of programmes for Chief Executives. These comprise a number of initiatives based upon the NHS Leadership Qualities Framework, including: National and International Learning Experiences: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Development Assignments (Lancaster University Management School) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Transformational Thinking (Manchester University) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Study Tour to Canada (Kings Fund) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Duality Leadership Programme (University of Birmingham) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Action Learning Sets (Nelson and Pedler) Modular Programmes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Experienced Chief Executives Development Programme (Kings Fund and Lancaster University Management School) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Drive for Results (Manchester University) Of interest here, is the range of learning opportunities being offered, from action learning sets, study tours and exchanges to modular programmes. The participants are free to choose their preferred modes of learning yet the thinking behind the programme implies that each will contribute towards developing qualities from the Leadership Qualities Framework. For further information please visit: http://www.nhs-leaders.org NCSL Leadership Development Framework The National College for School Leadership is one of the leading organisations in relation to their awareness of the importance of distributed leadership. Recent years have seen an increasing move from the competency-based approach of the Hay McBer Model to the development of a Leadership Development Framework. The outcomes of a Think Tank report lead to 10 propositions about school leadership. School leadership must: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ be purposeful, inclusive and values driven à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ embrace the distinctive and inclusive context of the school à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ promote an active view of learning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ be instructionally focused à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ be a function that is distributed throughout the school community à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ build capacity by developing the school as a learning community à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ be futures oriented and strategically driven à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ be developed through experiential and innovative methodologies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ be served by a support and policy context that is coherent and implementation driven à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ be supported by a National College that leads the discourse around leadership for learning Personal Characteristics of Effective Leaders   Personality Early research on leadership sought to identify a list of personal characteristics that set effective leaders apart from other people. No single list has been found to hold true for every leader in every context. As a result leadership research moved on in a different direction focusing instead on what effective leaders do. For decades traits were largely ignored. However, despite lacking 100% generalisability, contemporary leadership scholars have recognised that personal characteristics are important to effective leadership particularly intelligence and aspects of personality such as dominance, extraversion, sociability, self-confidence, high levels of energy and resilience[8]. The concept of intelligence is expanded upon further in the next section, and a more comprehensive list of personality traits associated with effective leadership is shown below:      For those seriously interested in developing leadership, it is important to appreciate the impact of personality. Greek philosopher, Aristotle once said that we are the sum of our behaviours; excellence therefore is not an act but a habit. Personality is a key driver of our day-to-day habitual behaviours and as such can help or hinder our leadership effectiveness. Leaders should: Be aware of how their personality helps and hinders their leadership effectiveness, then Find leadership positions where their strengths are called for, then Offset their weaknesses through a combination of tapping others strengths and their own development    Intelligence Effective leaders typically have higher than average levels of intelligence specifically reasoning and memory. During World War I, the armed forces used IQ tests to select potential officers and they continue to be used as a recruitment tool in many contemporary organisations such as Microsoft. A high IQ does not make you an effective leader. Be accurately aware of themselves their emotions, tendencies, strengths and weaknesses. Use emotions to enhance thinking and decision-making. Consciously regulate emotions and moods in intelligent ways. It has been claimed that emotional intelligence is a better predictor of leadership success than IQ. More recently social intelligence, previously considered a sub-part of emotional intelligence, has been shown to be the single largest factor impacting on leadership effectiveness.   Conclusion: Leaders are Sort of Born It seems like theres only one thing that a person needs to actually be born with in order to be a leader later in life. Thats intelligence. A leader needs to be smart enough. Effective leaders arent necessarily the smartest people in the room or the company or even on the team. But they have to be smart enough to do the job theyre assigned. Whats more important is what kind of person the potential leader is when he or she becomes an adult. The person who emerges from adolescence into young adulthood has the psychological and character traits theyll demonstrate for the rest of their life. Some of those matter for leadership. By the time a person becomes an adult we can tell if they can help other people achieve results. That, after all, is what we expect leaders to do. We expect them to achieve success through a group. We expect them to help their subordinates grow and develop. By the time a person becomes an adult, we can tell if they want to achieve objectives or if they just want to go along and take it easy. We expect leaders to be responsible for achieving results. You can have a marvelous life without a results focus, but if youre going to lead successfully you have to have the drive and willingness to be measured by the results of your leadership. By the time a person becomes an adult, we can tell if they are willing to make decisions or not. Lots of people wake up every day and let the world happen to them. But leaders must be able and willing to make decisions that affect themselves and others. By the time a person becomes an adult we can tell if they have the basic qualities that we expect leaders to have. We can determine if theyre smart enough to do the job. We can tell if they are willing to help others to achieve results as a group. And we can tell if they will make decisions. Those things are essential. People who have them can learn the multiple skills it takes for them to become effective leaders. No matter how they measure up on the key essentials, no one emerges from the womb or from adolescence with all the skills in place to be an effective leader. Everybody has to learn the job. Thats why leaders are always made.

Defining Marketing Essay

To answer the premise of the paper, ‘Defining Marketing’ a definition of marketing is a proper beginning for consideration. My personal definition of marketing is the concept or premise of a function in which products, goods or services are transferred to a consumer or client by a producer or seller. Other definitions exist to describe marketing aside from the prior definition. Marketing has been described as, â€Å"A management process identifying, anticipating and supplying client or consumer requirements with efficiency and profitability.(Tutor2U, 2010) In that same article marketing is described as â€Å"human activities that are directed at facilitating and consummating exchanges. † (Tutor2U, 2010)This last expression or definition rings true, in that as a consumer I want appeal, product or name recognition, quality, and value for my money. The sellers or producers are engaged in making a profit and ensuring a positive client experience and consumers or clie nts who want products that are within their budget, durable and meets the expectations of the transaction; thus a deal can be made between the two entities. In the course text, Basic Marketing, by Perrault, Cannon and McCarthy, the term marketing is further defined as â€Å"performing activities seeking to accomplish an organizations’ objectives through the anticipation of customer needs and directing the flow of need satisfying goods and services from producer to client or customer. †(Basic Marketing, page 6, 2009) Marketing is important for organizational success along with companies having flexibility, exuding a transparent organizational culture and challenging employees to excel and remaining accountable for their actions. Many companies and organizations struggle to find the right balance in management to ensure the company growth and achieve profitability. Marketing can plan an important role in companies excelling with their corporate goals. The use of marketing is how companies conceive and promote corporate brand management and strategic positioning; but it also works toward a corporate strategy and allows for companies to be innovative and thrive in their industries. A company with a marketing business plan considers the key stakeholders, communication channels, the business environment and, core corporate competencies. Using the company brand is a leverage to be used to its full potential. Marketing can assist in developing new consumer channels, products or services that can grow the company or organization and make a sustainable difference in industry trends. The marketing business strategy should include ideas on obtaining new clients, retaining current clients or customers, brand management and tactical to promote sales of the company’s products and services. As a business tool or foundation, marketing uses strategic tactics designed to identify the appropriate market and time for implementation and will impact the organization success of a company. Verizon Communications is a favorite in the telecommunication industry and one of the most powerful national companies in the specialty. Verizon uses new technology recently developed and follows through by introducing the advances to a competing industry. Through research and marketing, Verizon has found what telecommunication technology works and has become very proud of starting a major transformation in the wireless world. As an innovator, Verizon is a industry leader in providing information technology and advanced communications to customers. Through a partnership with major computer companies, Hewlett Packard and Dell Computers, Verizon can produce technological products that are of high quality. The use of these practices helps the Verizon organizational structure through strategic business goals including employee development, diversity awareness, and recruitment. (Verizon, 2010)Another company that has demonstrated consistently to employees and stakeholders, honest and fair business practices resulting in significant organizational success is Dole Food Company. The Dole name is one often associated with high quality and nutrition for fresh cut flowers, vegetables and, fruit. Dole also markets a line of packaged and frozen foods and serves as a leader in the industry for nutrition education and research. (Murdock, 2008) Dole Foods underwent a two-year research and redevelopment program for the Dole Fresh Vegetable product line. (Dole, 2008)Dole’s willingness to share knowledge publicly, invest in new technology, fight food born disease, are all public benefits derived from their ethical leadership. Dole’s financial stewardship and social responsibility underscores the fact that the company is both ethical and profitable. In business, there is more to being successful and achieving organizational success than having products or services at reasonable prices. Many companies underuse marketing as one of their business functions. Alternatively there are many companies that have been successful because of the effective use of strategic marketing such as Microsoft, Sony, American Express, Disney and Wal-Mart,just to name a few.

A Tale of Two Cities Essay Samples - Overview

A Tale of Two Cities Essay Samples - Overview How to Find a Tale of Two Cities Essay Samples Online Every one of the body paragraphs of your writing is going to be filled with all the required evidence and processed diligently! They are here in order to alleviate the research process for you. This technique works great for practically any niche. Enjoy our completely free writing help. There are quite a lot of sources of information which substantiate this argument. The 2 scenes that are talked about, are in various parts of the novel, but they're almost identical. Darnay is luckily set free due to this similarity. There are particular common elements that point to the caliber and value of the essays. Put simply, the aristocrats had sealed their graves since they were too cruel towards the reduced classes. As students we had to compose a lot of assignments, that isn't a secret. A 3 hour lunch always sounds nice and errands can become rather convenient distractions if you aren't careful. The reduced classes did not have any civil liberties and weren't permitted to take part in government. Visitors may enjoy a vacation here that offers the finest possible scope for outdoor pursuits. Or Lucie might be regarded as naive and unsuspecting. Eight decades later, Lucie and Darnay are residing in England. Key Pieces of a Tale of Two Cities Essay Samples We are going to take a look without delay. Anything you should finish your paper quickly and qualitative. Then explain the significance of the theme, and explore a lesson which can be learned from the story. If you take a look at the larger picture. Discuss the way in which identity-reversal plays a part in furthering the novel's plot. Very similar to the book, the top class is resented by the reduce class. Both chief characters have various backgrounds, yet they fall in love with the exact same lady. The two of these flat characters are important in the maturation of the story. The oppression and misery of common folks are highlighted through a string of grim scenes. Dickens also demonstrates there is a religious aspect whilst managing death. His cursed life isn't his own. The idea of life after death has ever been among the fascinations of humans. That sort of activity usually takes around 4 hours each day. Because the novel takes place over eighteen decades, time moves a bit fast in the start. You always have to tell the truth straight away because it can hurt you in the long run. All this takes lots of time, so there's no wonder we look for any potential help we can find. Of the more important cities, just a few notably surpass national growth. Some businesses require that you collect all the money, while some do that for you. This novel shows what people will do to be able to live a larger afterlife. Then, talk about the question as it applies to societies in actual life. a Tale of Two Cities Essay Samples Lucie could be regarded as an old soul who's wise enough in order to get the good in everyone. Charles utilizes the sea for a symbol for the societal agitation of the folks of France. Charles Darnay is a great example. Five decades later, a superb man named Charles. There's an increasing sentiment that Dan Quinn ought to be fired. As a consequence of Dr Manette and Gabelles' testimonies he's set free. The main aim of the Revolution is to become rid of the aristocracy, and the revolutionaries won't stop till they exterminate all of these, even a few of the ones that have done no wrong. In Paris, there's a feeling of urgency and unfairness. It was also true that the French aristocracy wasn't considered as the exact safe of its kind. Thus a visit to Plymouth and England's West Country can easily used in conjunction with a journey to Europe. While it is peaceful France has become a warzone with a government that is steadily eroding. England, just a couple of years before, had given up her rights to the United States of america, and thus revolution wasn't the most popular term.

The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde - 1291 Words

The Victorian era was a period of great change in England in terms of social, political, and even scientific advancement. The country became highly regarded around the world, whereby London was the center of excellence and was characterized by its citizen’s high moral standards. The pressure on Englishmen to maintain a respectable persona among others was so tremendous that often reputations were damaged at the slightest deviation from social norms. Similarly to the faà §ade of England’s perfection, Robert Louis Stevenson reveals the result of the social expectations on Victorians’ personalities in his novella, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Stevenson uses the motif of the double to make a commentary on the conflict between†¦show more content†¦In order to maintain a reputable image, his life must be void of excitement and evident emotion that may distort the serious persona he is obligated to assume. However, despite his aloofness, he de monstrates compassion and acceptance to his peers whose reputations have been damaged. He explains â€Å"I incline to Cain’s heresy†¦ I let my brother go to the devil in his own way†(Stevenson 1). In this biblical reference, God expects people to be concerned with their brothers. In saying this, Mr. Utterson believes that it is his â€Å"brother’s† will to do what they please without it affecting his views. It is Mr. Utterson’s habit to be â€Å"the last reputable acquaintance and the last good influence in the lives of downgoing men† (Stevenson 1). Although his interest with social rejects may suggest Victorian respectability, it may also prove to be a product of the social values forced upon him. As a lawyer, he is â€Å"the representative of justice, order, and society† (Frauley). He cannot afford to display any wrongdoings deemed unacceptable by his peers. Therefore, by associating with people of lower reputability, Utterson can experience the rebellious and shunned behaviours through these people. This allows Stevenson to successfully comment on human nature. The duality in Utterson’s persona is exposed through the disguise he wears in public versus the natural behaviours that are in conflict with a Victorian society’s expectations of him. This theme also explains why Mr. Utterson and

Abortion A Controversial Issue - 868 Words

Every cultural and society does not allow or consider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroy human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that become debatable in politics. In addition, this essay will describe the different issues of abortion such as, legal laws of abortion, restriction of abortions, rate of abortion and consequences of the abortion. Abortion is very serious issue that’s why abortion has become a debatable issue in U.S politics. Recently the republican candidate Donald trump said in the news â€Å"The sanctity of human life and affirm that the unborn child has a fundamental individual right to life which cannot be infringed. The party advocates for a human life amendment to the Constitution and endorse legislation to make clear that the Fourteenth Amendment’s protections appl y to unborn children.†(Boguhn 1). Donald trump said in the news the unborn child have the total right to alive and these restriction have to become part of laws. Additionally, he is also against the legal rights of abortion Trump said legal rights of abortion should change from the U.S laws and make secure and protectable for unborn children lives. Moreover, increase the rate of abortion is thoughtful issue. Abortion rate has increased all around the world but the results of abortion is really harmful for women. In theShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion878 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent discussions of abortion, the controversial issue has become whether or not women should be given the right to take their unborn child’s life away. Many believe in all having the right to live while others believe in the right to be given a choice. Women do not want to be given restrictions, they want to be able to have a voice when making decisions. With abortion women hav e a hard time making their decision based upon the judgement others make if the decision of abortion is followed throughRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue1256 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is a very controversial issue. To first start out abortion is the deliberate termination of a woman’s pregnancy, most often performed within the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. People can either be pro-choice or pro-life for abortion. Being pro-choice means that people believe that it is a woman’s choice to get an abortion if they want one. Pro-life means people believe no matter what if a woman is pregnant they should have the baby; no abortion. I intent to explain why women who get pregnantRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue Of Abortion Essay2668 Words   |  11 PagesAbortion is terminating a pregnancy before the fetus has been born. Abortion has been and still is very controversial and has had an increasing amount of cases all over the world. In 2000 there were over o ne million abortions in the United States (Harper, et al., 501). Abortion is one of the most common procedures women undergo. According to the current abortion rates about thirty percent of women will have an abortion by the age of forty-five (Jones and Kavanaugh, 2011). Most abortions are attributedRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion1555 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of abortion in the United States has been and remains one of the most controversial issues in western culture and politics. An abortion can be defined as the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive on its own. This comprises two major forms of abortion: spontaneous, which is often referred to as a miscarriage or induced abortion, which is the deliberate termination of a pregnancy. The term is commonly used to refer to the induced abortion, and this is the abortion, which hasRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion865 Words   |  4 Pages Today, people have the right to voice their thoughts regarding a topic, rather they’re different or alike, creating a new philosophy about it, or supporting the traditional belief. In regards to the topic, Abortion has been a subject of controversial matters. Some believing they have the right to do such an act while others would absolutely disagree. Before supporting such an act or not, we typically take into consideration the goods and bads of the action first. While taking a life might be oneRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue911 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is a controversial issue in many countries all the time and there are always two sides of abortion. Pro-life supporters believe that abortion is immoral, so they argue that it should be illegal because an unborn baby is life. However, they do not figure out that woman who is on the inevitable situation such as infection, rape, or extreme poverty would still have the abortion even though the abortion is illegal. Many women die due to unsafe abortion, which is illegal and performed by uneducatedRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue843 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion has been a very controversial issue in the United States for the past several decades. Many people think that is it morally wrong. To say that something is morally wrong is an opinion. Since everyone’s opinions are different on this topic there have been many court cases and protests against abortion. However there are a lot of people out there that believe that abortion is a rightful decision. My personal opinion on the abortion controversy is that every woman should have theRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue882 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroying human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that’s become debatable in politics. In addition, these researches will describe the different issues of abortion, such as, legal laws on abortion, res triction of abortions, rate of abortion and consequences of the abortion. Abortion isRead MoreAbortion: a Controversial Issue1159 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion: A Controversial Issue One of the major controversial issues confronting the society today is abortion. I choose abortion as the topic of discussion since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the extraction of the human fetus from the mothers womb with an intention to end the life of that fetus prior to its natural birth. The controversy surrounding abortion is whether it should be legalized or not? In my opinion, abortion is morally and ethically wrong because it leadsRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue989 Words   |  4 Pagesaverage total of abortions performed annually in America (operationrescue.org). Abortion is a very controversial issue in the United States and all across the globe. First, I will discuss the different types of abortion. Next, I will explain when the abortions are performed. Then, I will share some of the laws regarding abortion in the United States. Finally, I will express my views on abortion. Abortion should be illegal in all states. First, I will discuss the various types of abortion. There are three

Explore how the theme of hunting is used in “Lord of the Flies” and why this is central to the boys’ changing behaviour Free Essays

The theme of hunting is recurrent throughout the novel, and is used to track the boy’s descent into savagery. It starts as a necessity and simply a means of getting food, a common need that the boys all share and benefit from. However, it soon turns into a cultish way of life which divides the ultimately kills members of the group. We will write a custom essay sample on Explore how the theme of hunting is used in â€Å"Lord of the Flies† and why this is central to the boys’ changing behaviour or any similar topic only for you Order Now The restraints and rules of society are taken away from the boys quite abrubtly and without warning, and at the beginning it is apparent that they do not really know how to react to this sudden change of lifestyle. However, as the book progresses the boy’s newfound freedom, paired with their immaturity and their fustration with being trapped on the island manifests in a primeval obsession to hunt. Golding portrays the desire to hunt and kill as a primitive urge which lies dormant in each of us, but can take over when in an unnurtured and unrestrained environment. It seems to pronounce itself in each of the boys at different points of the novel; at Simon’s death, even Piggy and Ralph found themselves â€Å"eager to take part in this demented but partly secure society†, where â€Å"the desire to squeeze and hurt was over-mastering. I think this is one of Goldings main moral messages, not to let your primeval instincts or the mentality of the people around you to detract away from your moral sense of what’s right and wrong, and ultimately it is this fatal flaw and the â€Å"darkness of man’s heart† which led to the downfall of the island. This descent from civilization into savagery is tracked by the progression of hunting, and the transformation of characters in the novel. While Ralph and Piggy remain civilized embassadors of law and order, Jack and the other boys progressively become more and more deranged with every hunt. At the beginning Jack and Ralph were morally and ethically much more similar, but he soon becomes obsessed with the violence and glory that hunting entails, and his appearance and behaviour mirror this descent into savagery. For example, Jack’s once innocently â€Å"freckled† face becomes obscured by a mask that â€Å"repelled them†. This indicates a loss of identity, and sheilded by the mask he feels at ease to commit deeds of faceless malevolence against those with which he was once friends. In addition, Jack’s identity evidently disappears completely when he loses his name. He is now so far distanced from the life that he used to lead that he decides to not conform to the use of a forename, and instead answers only to â€Å"the chief† – a somewhat tribal phrase which suggests inferiority and submission. This failure to abide by the standard expectations of society is suggested very early in the book, when on introduction Jack states â€Å"Why should I be Jack? I’m Merridew. † The way each character reacts and responds to Jack and his growing tribe and hunting obsession, is key to how they will prevail in the novel, and it is around the motive of hunting and the unmaintainable equilibrium between it and â€Å"building shelters† that the main group division is formed. For example, Jack as head of choir falls automatically into the position of head of the hunters. Unknowingly to him and the rest of the group, this initial taste of power and violence will lead to the formation of his savage tribe and the barbaric way of life they end up adopting. Opposingly, Ralph’s negative response to the idea of hunting is an indication as to how he will retain his level head and his sanity throughout the book. The idea that Jack and his boys hunt to kill pigs is very indicative of how events will unravel, and when Jack’s thirst for violence can no longer be satisfied by the killing of a pig, they move onto who they deem as the most unhuman and unworthy member of the group, Piggy, who after weeks of being compared to a pig, is killed in the same manner as one. There are parallels drawn between most of the main characters and the progression of hunting, and Golding uses this to help the reader to track the development of them and the novel. How to cite Explore how the theme of hunting is used in â€Å"Lord of the Flies† and why this is central to the boys’ changing behaviour, Papers

The motivation behind the september 11th attacks Essay Example For Students

The motivation behind the september 11th attacks Essay 08528050 December 17, 2016Sheafer TrenaryPerspective of Homeland Security1000000 December 17, 2016Sheafer TrenaryPerspective of Homeland Security Terrorist attacks on American soil prior to 9/11 from another country was the first World Trade Center attack on February 26, 1993. This attack wasnot seen as a wakeup call to that time. The attack in 1993 was significant in terms of loss it had little impacton the United States of America. Previously, Middle Eastern terrorists had staged attacks against American interests in other parts of the world. In October 2000, al-Qaeda terrorists attacked the USS Cole In Aden Harbor, and Yemen. The terrorists approached the ship in a small boat and exploded a bomb oncetheywere close to the ship. The explosion resulted in 17 sailors being killed and 39 others injured. On August 7,1998, al-Qaeda used car bombs to attack the U.S. embassies inDares Salaam, Tanzania, and Kenya.Osama bin Laden took credit for the bombings, stating that they were a response to the American invasion of Somali (Wright 2006). TheDeadliestterrorist attack on Americans prior to the attacks on 9/11 occurred in 1998 when terrorists planted explosives on Pan Am Flight 103 leaving Londons airport destined for New York. The Boeing 747 crashed in Lockerbie,Scotland. All passengers on and crew on the flights were killed.The Attacks on 9/11 were prosecuted by an outside terrorist group that had international standing, support, funding, and history of attacking Americans. The 9/11 attacks resulted in new thinking at all levels of the government. President George W. Bush Immediately went to war and declared a war on terrorism. The Bush administration pushed forward the idea that Sadaam Hussein, the leader of Iraq, was amassing weapons of mass destruction and would provide them terrorists to attack the United States. When the attacks on 9/11 occurred, America was not only vulnerable to attack, but wasvery unprepared to prevent it. In the Commission Report by referring to page147 of the report which says,ByhisownAccount, Khalid Sheikh Mohammeds animus toward the united states stemmed not from his experiences there as a student, but rather from his violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel. In an interview with Bin Laden in 1997 Bin Laden said,wedeclared jihad against the U.S. government, because the U.S government is unjust, Criminal and tyrannical. It has committed acts that are extremely unjust, hideous and criminal whether directly responsible for those who were killedin Palestine, Lebanon and Iraq. The outline of the 9/11 plot, Staff statement no. 16, from the 9/11 commission: Atta was chosen as the emir, or leader, of the mission. He met with Bin Ladin to discuss the targets: The World Trade Center, which represented the U. S. economy; the pentagon, a symbol of the U.S. military; and the U. S. Capitol, the perceived source of U.S. policy in support of Israel. HomelandSecurtiy, Larry K Gaines and Victor E.Kappelerpublished 2012 http://www.dailykos.com/story/2006/9/9/244452/-